1.1: 87 percent / Pd(OAc)2; triphenylphosphine; K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 15 h / 110 °C 2.1: 93 percent / H2 / Pd/C / ethanol / 15 h / 20 °C 3.1: lithium; NH3 / tetrahydrofuran / 4.5 h / -78 °C 3.2: 90 percent / NH4Cl / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / -78 - 20 °C View Scheme

ammonium formate; palladium diacetate; triphenylphosphine

palladium diacetate; potassium carbonate; triphenylphosphine in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=110°C; Heck reaction; 15 h;