nitrobenzene T=180 - 190°C; 7 h;

1: 30 percent / conc. HCl / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) 10percent NaOH; 2.) SOCl2 / 1.) reflux, 5 h; 2.) reflux, 3 h 3: 5 h / Heating 4: 56 percent / nitrobenzene / 7 h / 180 - 190 °C View Scheme

1: 5 h / Heating 2: 56 percent / nitrobenzene / 7 h / 180 - 190 °C View Scheme

1: 1.) 10percent NaOH; 2.) SOCl2 / 1.) reflux, 5 h; 2.) reflux, 3 h 2: 5 h / Heating 3: 56 percent / nitrobenzene / 7 h / 180 - 190 °C View Scheme