1.1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid 2.1: ammonium formate / palladium 10 on activated carbon / ethanol / 30 - 70 °C 2.2: 20 - 70 °C 3.1: triethylamine / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 30 - 90 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.1: sodium nitrite; acetic acid / toluene; water / 25 - 30 °C 5.1: potassium carbonate / toluene; water / 25 - 30 °C 6.1: hydrogenchloride; water / toluene; methanol / 0 - 20 °C View Scheme