1.1: orthoformic acid triethyl ester; toluene-4-sulfonic acid / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2.1: hydrogen; 10 Pd/C / methanol / 24 h / 20 °C / 2068.65 Torr 3.1: di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate; triphenylphosphine / tetrahydrofuran / 18 h / 0 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 4.1: hydrogenchloride; methanol / water / 6 h / 20 °C 5.1: sodium periodate / water; methanol / 1 h / 0 °C 6.1: sodium tetrahydroborate / water; methanol / 0.5 h / 20 °C 6.2: 3 h / |Reflux 7.1: ammonia / water; methanol / 20 °C View Scheme