sodium hydrogencarbonate in ethanol; water Inert atmosphereRefluxLarge scale reaction;

sodium amide T=150 - 250°C;

phosphate buffer (pH: 7.0) T=28°C; 10 h; intact cells of Pseudomonas sp. No 393;

1: n-nonanoic acid sodium salt With chloroformic acid ethyl ester in tetrahydrofuran T=20°C; 0.25 h; 2: Ph–ZnI With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) in tetrahydrofuran T=70°C; Negishi-type cross-coupling; 14 h;