copper T=240°C; Ullmann coupling; 6 h;

iron(III) chloride in carbon disulfide 4 h; Heating;

PPh3 gold(I) chloro complex; acetic acid T=110°C; 3 h;

Et3NCH3 O3SOCH3; hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol T=50°C; Electrolysis;

1: acetic acid / 110 °C / Air 2: PPh3 gold(I) chloro complex; acetic acid / 3 h / 110 °C View Scheme

1: 4.85 g / phosphoryl chloride / 2.75 h / Heating 2: 9.6 g / boron trichloride / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / -10 °C 3: 8.25 g / zinc amalgam, conc. hydrochloric acid / acetic acid; H2O / 2 h / Heating 4: 1.) hydrobromic acid, 2.) potassium carbonate / 1.) glacial acetic acid, reflux, 18 h, 2.) DMF, 24 h View Scheme

nitric acid in acetic anhydride