YCl3 in neat (no solvent) Y2O3 was reacted with Aerosil (SiO2) in an evacuated silica ampoule, YCl3 as fluxing agent, 900 °C for 8 d;

Na2MoO4 in neat (no solvent) byproducts: yttrium orthosilicate oxyapatite; powders mixed with Na2MoO4 as high-temp. flux, placed in Pt crucible; slowly heated to 1473 K, kept at 1473 K for 24 h, slowly (2 K/h) cooled to673 K; dissolve molybdate flux in boiling H2O; detd. by XRD;

in ethanol nitrate salt was dissolved and mixed with soln. of silicate in 1:1 mol. ratio, soln. was stirred at 40°C until gel was formed, xerogel was obtained by drying gel 24 h at 60°C, ground, heated to 500°C 1 h, then to 1300°C 24 h; XRD;