1: LiOH*H2O / dioxane; H2O / 20 h / Ambient temperature 2: 88 percent / K2CO3 / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 4 h / 20 - 50 °C 3: 81 percent / 25percent aq. AcOH / 2.5 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1: 80 percent / 6N aq. HCl / 8 h / Heating 2: 86 percent / HCl / Ambient temperature 3: 95 percent / diethyl ether; CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 10 - 15 °C 4: 1.) t-BuOK / 1.) DMA, 0 deg C, 10 min, 2.) DMA, RT, 1 h 5: LiOH*H2O / dioxane; H2O / 20 h / Ambient temperature 6: 88 percent / K2CO3 / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 4 h / 20 - 50 °C 7: 81 percent / 25percent aq. AcOH / 2.5 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1: potassium carbonate; potassium iodide / N,N-dimethyl acetamide / 3 h / 0 - 45 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2: hydrogenchloride; water / ethyl acetate; methanol / 2 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: potassium carbonate; potassium iodide / N,N-dimethyl acetamide / 3 h / 0 - 45 °C 2: hydrogenchloride; water / ethyl acetate; methanol / 2 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: With sulfuric acid in isobutyramide T=100°C; 2.5 h; Inert atmosphere; 2: With sodium hydroxide in dichloromethane; isobutyramide; water T=40°C; pH=4.2;