1: 2-n-propyl-4-methyl-6-(1'-methylbenzimidazol-2'-yl)benzimidazole With potassium tert-butylate in isobutyramide T=20°C; 1 h; 2: 2-[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]benzonitrile in isobutyramide T=5 - 10°C; 2 h;

tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydrogensulfate; sodium hydroxide in water T=80 - 85°C; 4 h; Concentration;

toluene-4-sulfonic acid in toluene 5 h; Heating / reflux; Product distribution / selectivity;

boric acid in toluene 2 h; Heating / reflux; Product distribution / selectivity;

pyridine 24 h; Heating / reflux; Product distribution / selectivity;

1: 1-((2'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl)-4-methyl-2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxylic acid With thionyl chloride; N,N-dimethyl-formamide in dichloromethane T=0°C; Reflux; 2: N-methyl-1,2-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride With sodium carbonate; sodium chloride in water; ethyl acetate T=-20 - 5°C; 1 h; 3: With boric acid in toluene T=10 - 15°C; Reflux; Product distribution / selectivity;

pyridine 22 h; Heating / reflux; Product distribution / selectivity;

1: chlorine / dichloromethane / 15 h / 20 - 25 °C 2: sodium hydroxide; tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydrogensulfate / water / 4 h / 80 - 85 °C View Scheme

1: With potassium hydroxide; water in ethylene glycol T=140 - 150°C; 21 h; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water; ethylene glycol T=20°C; pH=7; Product distribution / selectivity;

sodium hydroxide; water in ethanol T=5 - 25°C; 18 h; Heating / reflux;