1: 100 percent / LiOH / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 25 °C 2: 64 percent / 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-methylmorpholine / dimethylformamide 3: 100 percent / 1) 1N NaOH, 2) HCl / 1) EtOH, reflux View Scheme

1: 100 percent / LiOH / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 25 °C 2: 64 percent / 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-methylmorpholine / dimethylformamide 3: 100 percent / 1) 1N NaOH, 2) HCl / 1) EtOH, reflux View Scheme

hydrogenchloride; sodium hydroxide 1) EtOH, reflux;