ammonia in ethylene glycol T=120°C; 16 h;

1: 36 percent / acetic acid / 3 h / Heating 2: 59 percent / ammonia gas / ethane-1,2-diol / 16 h / 120 °C View Scheme

1: 94 percent / thionyl chloride / 72 h / 20 °C 2: 92 percent / Pd(dba)3; 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl; K3PO4 / toluene / 21 h / 110 °C 3: 26 percent / NH3 / ethane-1,2-diol / 24 h / 120 °C / 1034.3 - 2327.17 Torr View Scheme

1: 92 percent / Pd(dba)3; 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl; K3PO4 / toluene / 21 h / 110 °C 2: 26 percent / NH3 / ethane-1,2-diol / 24 h / 120 °C / 1034.3 - 2327.17 Torr View Scheme