1: 57 percent / C2H5ONa / ethanol / 3 h / Heating 2: 85 percent / 10 percent aq. KOH / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 20 °C 3: 1.) Rainey nickel, 2.) 48percent aq. HBr / 1.) 80 percent aq. EtOH, reflux, 2 h, 2.) reflux, 5 h View Scheme

barium dihydroxide in ethanol T=20°C; Addition; 12 h;

1: 97 percent / Ba(OH)2 / ethanol / 12 h / 20 °C 2: 80 percent / NaCl; H2O / dimethylsulfoxide / 6 h / 160 °C View Scheme

T=180 - 200°C; 3 h;

1: 71 percent / ethanol / 5 h / Heating 2: 38 percent / 3 h / 180 - 200 °C View Scheme