sodium hydroxide in 1,4-dioxane T=0 - 20°C;

sodium hydrogencarbonate in 1,4-dioxane; water T=0 - 20°C;

sodium hydroxide in tetrahydrofuran; water 3 h;

1: 82 percent / triphenyl phosphine; DEAD / tetrahydrofuran; toluene / 20 °C 2: 100 percent / sodium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 3 h View Scheme

1: triethylamine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 72 h 2: triethylamine / 8 h View Scheme

1: subtilisin from Bacillus lichenifirmis; ammonium hydroxide / water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 3 h / 40 °C / pH 8 / |Resolution of racemate; |Enzymatic reaction 2: 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid / dichloromethane / 24 h / 20 °C 3: sodium hydroxide / ethanol; water / 2 h / 0 °C 4: hydrogenchloride / water; 1,4-dioxane / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 5: triethylamine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 72 h 6: triethylamine / 8 h View Scheme

1: 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid / dichloromethane / 24 h / 20 °C 2: sodium hydroxide / ethanol; water / 2 h / 0 °C 3: hydrogenchloride / water; 1,4-dioxane / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 4: triethylamine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 72 h 5: triethylamine / 8 h View Scheme

triethylamine 8 h;

1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0.67 h / -30 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2: tetrabutylammomium bromide; sodium tetrahydroborate / water; dichloromethane / 2 h / -10 - 0 °C View Scheme