hydrogenchloride; iron in ethanol; water T=70°C; 1 h;

1: 92 percent / POCl3, pyridine / chlorobenzene / 1 h / Heating 2: 93 percent / 1.) iron, 12N HCl; 2.) ammonia / 1.) ethanol/water, heating, 1 h; 2.) water View Scheme

1: 82 percent / piperazine / acetic acid; H2O / 1.5 h / 70 °C 2: 92 percent / POCl3 / chlorobenzene / 1 h / Heating 3: 93 percent / Fe, HCl / ethanol; H2O / 1 h / 70 °C View Scheme

1: pyridine / dioxane; cyclohexane / Ambient temperature 2: xylene / Heating 3: NaH / various solvent(s) / Heating View Scheme