Sm(III) chloride in 1,2-dichloro-ethane 12 h; Heating;

sodium hydrogencarbonate in dichloromethane 0.25 h; Ambient temperature;

sodium carbonate

1: HCl; toluene 2: cold aqueous NaHCO3 3: concentrated aqueous HCl View Scheme

1: 80 percent / 85percent phosphoric acid / 4 h / Ambient temperature 2: 100 percent / PdCl2(PhCN)2 / benzene / 2 h / Heating 3: 30percent H2O2, conc. HCl / acetonitrile / 3 h / 50 °C / the excess of H2O2 was removed by catalytic hydrogenation using 10percent Pd-C View Scheme

ethyl acetate; platinum Hydrogenation;

phosphoric acid 4 h; Ambient temperature;

zirconocene dichloride 1.) THF, -78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) THF, RT, 6 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;