ammonium hydroxide

1: oxalyl chloride / CH2Cl2 / 14 h 2: 30 percent NH4OH View Scheme

1: 62 percent / KMnO4, 10percent aq. NaOH / 1.) 50 deg C, 1 h; 2.) room temp., 12 h. 2: SOCl2 / benzene / Heating; overnight 3: conc. NH4OH / ice bath temperature View Scheme

pyridine; trichlorophosphate

1: trichlorophosphate / toluene / 30 - 85 °C 2: triethylamine; AlCl3, aluminium chloride / toluene / 9.5 h / 30 - 75 °C 3: water; hydrogenchloride / toluene / 0.5 h / 15 - 35 °C View Scheme

sodium hydroxide; sodium hypochlorite in water T=75 - 78°C; 2 h;

1: trichlorophosphate / toluene / 30 - 85 °C 2: triethylamine; AlCl3, aluminium chloride / toluene / 9.5 h / 30 - 75 °C View Scheme

1: aqueous sodium hypochlorite 2: aqueous H2SO4; KI / Diazotization View Scheme

1: 1.) triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate / 1.) 1,2-dichloroethane, 22 h; 2.) 1,2-dichloroethane, 24 h, reflux 2: 1.) Mg / 1.) ether, 1 h; 2.) ether, THF, 24 h 3: 1 M DIBAL / diethyl ether / Ambient temperature 4: tetrahydrofuran / 12 h / Ambient temperature 5: N-chlorosuccinimide / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h 6: potassium superoxide / 18-crown-6 / diethyl ether / Ambient temperature 7: 63 percent / oxalic acid / pentane / 12 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme