potassium iodide in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=60°C; 7 h; Inert atmosphere;

in dimethyl sulfoxide T=120°C; 4 h;

1: 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-ethane With potassium hydroxide; carbonic acid diethyl ester Cyclization; 2: With sodium hydroxide; p-toluenesulfonyl chloride Substitution; 3: potassium phtalimide Substitution; Further stages.;

1: 1.) hydrazine hydrate, 2.) Raney Ni (W-2) / 1.) EtOH, 60 deg C, 1.5 h, 2.) reflux 2: DCC View Scheme

hydrazine hydrate in methanol 8 h; Inert atmosphereReflux;