potassium carbonate in water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide

in tetrahydrofuran; water

sodium hydride 1.) DMF, 0 deg C, 30 min, 2.) DMF, RT, 16 h; Multistep reaction;

potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=130°C; 3.5 h; RefluxGreen chemistry;

in methanol; oxalyl dichloride

1.1: palladium diacetate; potassium iodide; 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2',4',6'-tri-i-propyl-1,1’-biphenyl; triethylamine / ethyl acetate / 16 h / 50 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Schlenk technique 2.1: methanol / ethyl acetate / 1 h / -5 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Schlenk technique 2.2: 4 h / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Schlenk technique View Scheme

1: magnesium; 1,2-dibromoethane / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 200 °C / microwave irradiation 2: 76 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / 1 °C View Scheme

in tetrahydrofuran

tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); di-tert-butyl(2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=100°C; Inert atmosphere;