1.1: sodium carbonate / ethanol / 1 h / 50 °C 2.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene / 5 h / 110 °C 3.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol / 14 h / 20 °C 4.1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / isobutyl methylketone / 2 h / 20 °C 5.1: sodium hydride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.5 h / -30 °C 5.2: 3 h / 20 °C 6.1: lithium borohydride / tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / 0 °C 7.1: 5 Pd(II)/C(eggshell) / methanol / 1 h / 20 °C 8.1: triethylamine; sodium iodide / 1,4-dioxane / 7 h / 120 °C 9.1: sodium nitrite / water; acetic acid; ethyl acetate / 30 °C 10.1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / dichloromethane / 16 h 11.1: hydrogenchloride; water / methanol / 1 h View Scheme

1.1: sodium carbonate / ethanol / 1 h / 50 °C 2.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene / 5 h / 110 °C 3.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol / 14 h / 20 °C 4.1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / isobutyl methylketone / 2 h / 20 °C 5.1: sodium hydride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.5 h / -30 °C 5.2: 3 h / 20 °C 6.1: lithium borohydride / tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / 0 °C 7.1: 5 Pd(II)/C(eggshell) / methanol / 1 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: sodium carbonate / ethanol / 1 h / 50 °C 2: N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene / 5 h / 110 °C 3: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol / 14 h / 20 °C 4: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / isobutyl methylketone / 2 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: 84 percent / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 2.1: Grubbs first generation catalyst / CH2Cl2 / 4 h / 20 °C 2.2: 87 percent / PCC / CH2Cl2 / 12 h View Scheme

1: Na2CO3 / aq. ethanol / 20 °C 2: 730 mg / chlorobenzene / 135 °C 3: 98 percent / hydrogen; HCO2NH4 / Pd/C / methanol / 2 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: 84 percent / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 2.1: Grubbs first generation catalyst / CH2Cl2 / 4 h / 20 °C 2.2: 87 percent / PCC / CH2Cl2 / 12 h 3.1: 95 percent / hydrogen / Pd/C / ethyl acetate / 20 °C View Scheme

potassium carbonate T=20°C; 2.5 h; Reflux;