1: With pyridine; hydrogenchloride in water T=200°C; 2: 6,6'-Bis-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-[2,2']bipyridyl T=200°C; 3 h; 3: With sodium hydroxide in dichloromethane; water pH=7.0;

1.1: n-butyllithium / diethyl ether / 24 h / 20 °C 1.2: diethyl ether; toluene / 48 h / 50 °C 2.1: 0.11 g / manganese(IV) oxide / ethyl acetate; H2O / 24 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: n-butyllithium / diethyl ether / 24 h / 20 °C 1.2: diethyl ether; toluene / 48 h / 50 °C 2.1: 0.11 g / manganese(IV) oxide / ethyl acetate; H2O / 24 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: diethyl ether 2: aqueous HBr View Scheme