hydrogenchloride in 1,4-dioxane 3 h; Heating;

1.1: aq. HCl / dioxane / 3 h / Heating 2.1: aq. HCl; NaNO2; KI / 0 °C 2.2: 24.7 g / aq. KI / 2 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1.1: aq. HCl / dioxane / 3 h / Heating 2.1: aq. HCl; NaNO2; KI / 0 °C 2.2: 24.7 g / aq. KI / 2 h / 80 °C 3.1: Zn/Cu; trimethylsilyl chloride; 1,2-dibromoethane / tetrahydrofuran; dimethylformamide / 2 h / Heating 3.2: 90 percent / Pd(PPh3)4 / tetrahydrofuran; dimethylformamide / 12 h / 40 °C 4.1: BuLi / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.5 h / -78 °C 4.2: 54 percent / ZnCl2; CuCl2 / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 20 °C 5.1: N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine; BuLi / diethyl ether; hexane / 20 °C 5.2: 90 percent / 1,2-dibromo-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane / diethyl ether; hexane; tetrahydrofuran / -78 - 20 °C 6.1: NiCl2(dppe) / diethyl ether / Heating 7.1: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C View Scheme