1: With sodium hydroxide; water in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=20°C; Inert atmosphereLarge scale reaction; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide 0.5 h; Inert atmosphereLarge scale reaction;

Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: 85 percent / sodium borohydride / methanol / 20 h / Ambient temperature2: 73 percent / thionyl chloride / 0.75 h / Heating3: 95 percent / methanol / 24 h / Ambient temperature4: 71 percent / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 1.5 h / Heating  

Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 85 percent / sodium borohydride / methanol / 20 h / Ambient temperature2: 73 percent / thionyl chloride / 0.75 h / Heating3: 95 percent / methanol / 24 h / Ambient temperature