water; trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane 14 h; Ambient temperature;

1: 94 percent / H2, Na2SO4 / 5percent Pd/C / toluene 2: 88 percent / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 16 h / Heating 3: 47 percent / TMEDA, BuLi / diethyl ether; hexane / 1.) -40 deg C, 16 h, 2.) -40 deg C to r.t., 1 h 4: 94 percent / H2O, TFA / CH2Cl2 / 14 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 83 percent / CsF / various solvent(s) / 18 h / 130 °C 2: 94 percent / H2, Na2SO4 / 5percent Pd/C / toluene 3: 88 percent / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 16 h / Heating 4: 47 percent / TMEDA, BuLi / diethyl ether; hexane / 1.) -40 deg C, 16 h, 2.) -40 deg C to r.t., 1 h 5: 94 percent / H2O, TFA / CH2Cl2 / 14 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1.1: 91 percent / various solvent(s) / 10 h / 40 - 45 °C 2.1: n-BuLi; TMEDA / hexane; various solvent(s) / 3 h / -15 - -10 °C 2.2: 64 percent / hexane; various solvent(s) / 2 h / -70 °C 3.1: 85 percent / trifluoroacetic acid / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: n-BuLi; TMEDA / hexane; various solvent(s) / 3 h / -15 - -10 °C 1.2: 64 percent / hexane; various solvent(s) / 2 h / -70 °C 2.1: 85 percent / trifluoroacetic acid / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 20 °C View Scheme

formamide

in 2-methoxy-ethanol 12 h; Heating;