1: With hydrogenchloride; ethanol; water T=50°C; 0.333333 h; 2: With ammonium formate; palladium on activated carbon in ethanol; water T=40°C; 12 h; 3: With sodium hydroxide in water pH=12;

1: T=70°C; 12 h; 2: With hydrogenchloride; ammonium formate; palladium 10 on activated carbon in etanol; water T=20 - 50°C; 12 h;

1: 70 °C / neat (no solvent) 2: 10 palladium on activated charcoal; NH4HCO3 / ethanol / 40 °C View Scheme

1: 70 °C / neat (no solvent) 2: 10 palladium on activated charcoal; NH4HCO3 / ethanol / 40 °C View Scheme

1: diphenylphosphoryl azide, Et3N / toluene / 0.33 h / 95 °C 2: toluene; dimethylformamide / 3.6 h / 110 °C 3: 1.) 1-chloroethyl chloroformate, 2.) MeOH / 1.) 1,2-dichloroethane, reflux, 3 h, 2.) reflux, overnight View Scheme