1.1: sulfuric acid; water / 50 - 100 °C / Large scale reaction 2.1: sodium ethanolate / tetrahydrofuran / 10 - 20 °C / Large scale reaction 2.2: 2 h / 20 °C 3.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; ammonium formate; acetic acid / ethanol; water / 3.25 h / 35 °C / Large scale reaction 4.1: ammonia; water / 5 h / 60 °C / 1034.32 Torr View Scheme

1.1: pyridine; ethyl orthosilicate; pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate / 24 h / 20 °C 1.2: 0.33 h / 160 °C / Microwave irradiation 2.1: lithium hydroxide hydrate / ethanol; water / 16 h 2.2: pH 4 / Acidic conditions View Scheme

ammonia T=50°C; 36 h;