1.1: KOH / ethanol; dioxane / 70 °C 2.1: 60 percent / polyphosphate ester / 120 °C 3.1: 90 percent / K2CO3; KI / dimethylformamide / 20 - 50 °C 4.1: 71 percent / NaNO3; H2SO4 / 0 °C 5.1: N-bromosuccinimide; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) / CCl4 / Heating 6.1: N,N-diisopropylethylamine / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 7.1: 96 percent / aq. HCl; Fe / ethanol / 0 °C 8.1: 98 percent / Et3N / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 20 °C 9.1: Me3Al; N,N-diisopropylethylamine / CH2Cl2; hexane / 0 °C 9.2: 94 percent / CH2Cl2; hexane / 0 °C 10.1: 75 percent / dioxane / 0 °C 11.1: 79 percent / aq. NaOH / methanol / 1 h / 60 °C View Scheme