1: 10 palladium on activated charcoal; sulfuric acid; hydrogen / ethanol 2: triethylamine / dichloromethane 3: N,N-dimethyl-formamide 4: hydrazine / ethanol 5: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water View Scheme

1: oxalyl dichloride / dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide 2: triethylamine; lithium chloride / dichloromethane 3: copper(I) bromide dimethylsulfide complex / tetrahydrofuran 4: lithium aluminium tetrahydride / tetrahydrofuran 5: triethylamine / dichloromethane 6: sodium periodate; potassium permanganate / water; acetone 7: oxalyl dichloride / dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide 8: tin(IV) chloride / dichloromethane 9: 10 palladium on activated charcoal; sulfuric acid; hydrogen / ethanol 10: triethylamine / dichloromethane 11: N,N-dimethyl-formamide 12: hydrazine / ethanol 13: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water View Scheme

1: piperidine; pyridine 2: oxalyl dichloride / dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide 3: triethylamine; lithium chloride / dichloromethane 4: copper(I) bromide dimethylsulfide complex / tetrahydrofuran 5: lithium aluminium tetrahydride / tetrahydrofuran 6: triethylamine / dichloromethane 7: sodium periodate; potassium permanganate / water; acetone 8: oxalyl dichloride / dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide 9: tin(IV) chloride / dichloromethane 10: 10 palladium on activated charcoal; sulfuric acid; hydrogen / ethanol 11: triethylamine / dichloromethane 12: N,N-dimethyl-formamide 13: hydrazine / ethanol 14: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water View Scheme

1: triethylamine; lithium chloride / dichloromethane 2: copper(I) bromide dimethylsulfide complex / tetrahydrofuran 3: lithium aluminium tetrahydride / tetrahydrofuran 4: triethylamine / dichloromethane 5: sodium periodate; potassium permanganate / water; acetone 6: oxalyl dichloride / dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide 7: tin(IV) chloride / dichloromethane 8: 10 palladium on activated charcoal; sulfuric acid; hydrogen / ethanol 9: triethylamine / dichloromethane 10: N,N-dimethyl-formamide 11: hydrazine / ethanol 12: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water View Scheme

1.1: sodium dihydrogenphosphate; sodium chlorite / 2-methyl-but-2-ene; water; tert-butyl alcohol / 1.5 h / 20 °C 2.1: thionyl chloride / dichloromethane / 6 h / 20 °C 2.2: 12 h / -25 °C 3.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / ethanol / 13 h / 20 °C 4.1: sodium hydroxide / ethanol; water / 3 h / Reflux 4.2: 1 h / 160 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: lithium aluminium tetrahydride / tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / 0 - 20 °C 6.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 1 h / 20 °C 7.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 1 h / 100 °C 8.1: hydrazine / ethanol / 3 h / Reflux 9.1: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water / 1 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: thionyl chloride / dichloromethane / 6 h / 20 °C 1.2: 12 h / -25 °C 2.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / ethanol / 13 h / 20 °C 3.1: sodium hydroxide / ethanol; water / 3 h / Reflux 3.2: 1 h / 160 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.1: lithium aluminium tetrahydride / tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / 0 - 20 °C 5.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 1 h / 20 °C 6.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 1 h / 100 °C 7.1: hydrazine / ethanol / 3 h / Reflux 8.1: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water / 1 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / ethanol / 13 h / 20 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide / ethanol; water / 3 h / Reflux 2.2: 1 h / 160 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: lithium aluminium tetrahydride / tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / 0 - 20 °C 4.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 1 h / 20 °C 5.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 1 h / 100 °C 6.1: hydrazine / ethanol / 3 h / Reflux 7.1: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water / 1 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: sodium hydroxide / ethanol; water / 3 h / Reflux 1.2: 1 h / 160 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: lithium aluminium tetrahydride / tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / 0 - 20 °C 3.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 1 h / 20 °C 4.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 1 h / 100 °C 5.1: hydrazine / ethanol / 3 h / Reflux 6.1: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water / 1 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: (R)-diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether / ethanol / 48 h / 0 °C 2.1: sodium dihydrogenphosphate; sodium chlorite / 2-methyl-but-2-ene; water; tert-butyl alcohol / 1.5 h / 20 °C 3.1: thionyl chloride / dichloromethane / 6 h / 20 °C 3.2: 12 h / -25 °C 4.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / ethanol / 13 h / 20 °C 5.1: sodium hydroxide / ethanol; water / 3 h / Reflux 5.2: 1 h / 160 °C / Inert atmosphere 6.1: lithium aluminium tetrahydride / tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / 0 - 20 °C 7.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 1 h / 20 °C 8.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 1 h / 100 °C 9.1: hydrazine / ethanol / 3 h / Reflux 10.1: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water / 1 h / 20 °C View Scheme