copper(l) iodide; caesium carbonate in dimethyl sulfoxide T=110°C; 24 h;

CuSO4‵5H2O; sodium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide T=110°C; 12 h; Sealed tube;

1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; palladium diacetate; sodium t-butanolate in toluene T=120°C; 48 h;

tungstophosphoric acid supported on silica gel 6 h; Microwave irradiationNeat (no solvent);

sodium tetrahydroborate; sulfuric acid; water in tetrahydrofuran; methanol T=10 - 20°C; 1.5 h; Yields of byproduct given;

1: sodium carbonate / ethanol; water / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: RuCl2(tricyclohexylphosphine)2(benzylidene) / benzene / 0.5 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 3: tert.-butylhydroperoxide / water; benzene / 0.5 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: hydrogenchloride; indium / water / 0.17 h / 20 °C 2: water / 1.08 h / 20 °C View Scheme