2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile; tri-n-butyl-tin hydride in toluene 12 h; Heating; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;

tetrabutylammomium bromide; triethylamine; bis (triortho-tolylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=90°C; Heck reaction; 2 h;