1: dichloromethane / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: Rh2(esp)2 / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 15 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere; Molecular sieve 3: sodium carbonate / chloroform; water / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1,2-dichloro-benzene T=180°C; 5 h;

<b>Multi-step reaction with 2 steps<br /> </b>1: 93 percent / 20percent H₂SO₄ / 24 h / Heating<br />2: 1.) cc.HCl, NaNO₂; 2.) NaN₃ / 1.) 0 deg C, 1 h; 2.) 0 deg C, 1 h<br /> <br /> &nbsp;

<b>Multi-step reaction with 3 steps<br /> </b>1: 90 percent / NaHCO₃ / Pd⁽⁰⁾ / 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane; H₂O / 4 h / Heating<br />2: 93 percent / 20percent H₂SO₄ / 24 h / Heating<br />3: 1.) cc.HCl, NaNO₂; 2.) NaN₃ / 1.) 0 deg C, 1 h; 2.) 0 deg C, 1 h<br /> <br /> &nbsp;

<b>Multi-step reaction with 3 steps<br /> </b>1.1: palladium diacetate; triethylamine; 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-1,1'-biphenyl / 1,4-dioxane / 1 h / 80 &deg;C / Inert atmosphere<br />2.1: Ba(OH)₂&middot;8H₂O / 1,4-dioxane; water / 4 h / 100 &deg;C / Inert atmosphere<br />3.1: acetic acid; sodium nitrite / water / 1.5 h / 0 &deg;C / Inert atmosphere<br />3.2: 0.5 h / 20 &deg;C / Inert atmosphere<br /> <br /> &nbsp;