1: KOH / Bu4N+Br- 2: polymeric azide reagent / Ambient temperature 3: benzene / 14 h / Heating; method for fused ring β-lactam preparation View Scheme

1.1: sodium hydride / tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil / Cooling with ice 1.2: 0 - 20 °C 2.1: lithium aluminium tetrahydride; AlCl3, aluminium chloride / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: morpholine; bis(η3-allyl-μ-chloropalladium(II)); trifluoroacetic acid; triethyl phosphite / dichloromethane / 10 h / Reflux View Scheme

aluminium hydride in diethyl ether 144 h;