1: With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite T=0°C; 0.0833333 h; 2: With potassium iodide in water T=100°C; 0.166667 h; Further stages.;

n-Butyl nitrite; copper(ll) bromide in acetonitrile T=65°C;

1: sodium hydrogencarbonate; iodine / water / 1.5 h / 20 °C 2: copper(ll) bromide; n-Butyl nitrite / acetonitrile / 65 °C View Scheme

1: tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'- binaphthyl; caesium carbonate / toluene / 20 h / 110 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2: sodium carbonate; palladium on activated charcoal / methanol; water / 5 h / 77.8 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Large scale View Scheme

N-bromosuccinmide; dibenzoyl peroxide in benzene 6 h; Irradiation;

1: With bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride in 1,4-dioxane T=80°C; 17 h; 2: With N-bromosuccinmide in 1,4-dioxane; water T=0°C; 0.533333 h;

1: With tributyl(ethoxyvinyl)-tin; bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride in 1,4-dioxane T=80°C; 17 h; 2: With N-bromosuccinmide in 1,4-dioxane; water T=0°C; 0.533333 h; Product distribution / selectivity;