1: 64 percent / Na2SO4 / 12 h 2: 72 percent / CH2Cl2 3: 51 percent / trifluoroacetic acid / CH2Cl2 / 24 h / 20 °C 4: benzene / 24 h / 105 °C View Scheme

sodium hydroxide in methanol; water T=25°C; energy parameters calculated from kobs in range 25-60 deg C; pH range 11.9, 14.9; Rate constantThermodynamic dataMechanism;

water

1: 64 percent / Na2SO4 / 12 h 2: 72 percent / CH2Cl2 3: 51 percent / trifluoroacetic acid / CH2Cl2 / 24 h / 20 °C 4: benzene / 24 h / 105 °C 5: 69 percent / triethylamine / toluene / Heating View Scheme