1: 92 percent / CBr4, PPh3 / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / Ambient temperature 2: 89 percent / K2CO3, NaI, CuI / dimethylformamide / 40 °C 3: 65 percent / H2, (CH2NH2)2 / P-2 Ni / ethanol 4: 98 percent / LiOH, H2O / tetrahydrofuran / 1.) 0 deg C, 30 min, 2.) r.t., 12 h View Scheme

1: 92 percent / CBr4, PPh3 / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / Ambient temperature 2: 89 percent / K2CO3, NaI, CuI / dimethylformamide / 40 °C 3: 65 percent / H2, (CH2NH2)2 / P-2 Ni / ethanol View Scheme

1: CBr4; PPh3 2: Cs2CO3; CuI; NaI 3: quinoline; D2 / Pd/BaSO4 / methanol / 16 h 4: 10 percent NaOH / ethanol 5: Skeletonema costatum / H2O / 0.02 h / sonicated View Scheme