1: formic acid ethyl ester With sodium hydride in diethyl ether T=0°C; 2: β,β-diethoxypropionic acid ethyl ester in diethyl ether T=0°C; 48 h; 3: 1-Imino-ethanamine hydrochloride in diethyl ether T=20°C; 24 h;

sodium ethanolate in ethanol 6 h; Heating / refluxArgon atmosphere;

sodium ethanolate in ethanol 4 h; Heating;

sodium hydroxide 1 h; Ambient temperature;