caesium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) in ethanol; toluene T=150°C; 0.166667 h; microwave irradiation;

T=160 - 190°C; und anschliessend mit wss.HCl;

1.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.25 h / -100 °C 1.2: 71 percent / BF3*Et2O / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 2.5 h / -100 °C 2.1: 95 percent / TsOH*H2O / 4 h / 65 °C 3.1: 88 percent / EtMgBr / dibutyl ether; diethyl ether / 2 h / -78 °C 4.1: n-BuLi / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.5 h / -90 °C 4.2: 85 percent / MeOH; aq. NH4Cl / tetrahydrofuran; hexane View Scheme

1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / benzene / |Dean-Stark; |Inert atmosphere; |Reflux 2: copper(l) iodide; K3PO4 / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 110 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / benzene / |Dean-Stark; |Inert atmosphere; |Reflux 2: copper(l) iodide; K3PO4 / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 110 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / benzene / |Dean-Stark; |Inert atmosphere; |Reflux 2: copper(l) iodide; K3PO4 / 1,4-dioxane / 16 h / 90 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: 56.5 percent / CsF / Pd(PPh3)4 / 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane / 5 h / Heating 2: Me3SO3H / CHCl3 / 1 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

ammonium acetate; sodium cyanoborohydride in methanol 18 h;