in tetrahydrofuran T=90°C; 2.75 h; Cooling with ice;

in acetonitrile T=20°C; 48 h;

1: amidase from pig's-kidneys / asymmetrische Hydrolyse 2: aqueous NaOH View Scheme

1: With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide in dichloromethane T=20°C; 5 h; Cooling with ice; 2: With ammonium carbamate in dichloromethane T=20°C; 6 h;

1.1: dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide / dichloromethane / 1 h / 0 - 30 °C 1.2: 3 h / 25 - 30 °C 2.1: triethylamine; oxalyl dichloride; dimethyl sulfoxide / dichloromethane / 0.5 h / -78 °C 3.1: potassium carbonate; potassium iodide / tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / 60 - 65 °C View Scheme

1.1: dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide / dichloromethane / 1 h / 0 - 30 °C 1.2: 3 h / 25 - 30 °C 2.1: triethylamine; oxalyl dichloride; dimethyl sulfoxide / dichloromethane / 0.5 h / -78 °C View Scheme

ammonium hydroxide