perchloric acid in 1,4-dioxane; water T=25°C; ΔH(excit.), ΔS(excit.), kinetic isotope effect; KineticsThermodynamic data;

1: sodium iodide; p-benozquinone / acetonitrile; water / 48 h / 100 °C 2: copper(II) sulfate / dichloromethane / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: sodium iodide; p-benozquinone / acetonitrile; water / 48 h / 100 °C 2.1: copper(II) sulfate / dichloromethane / 20 °C 3.1: n-butyllithium / hexane; tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -20 °C 3.2: -20 - 0 °C 4.1: sodium iodide; p-benozquinone / acetonitrile; water / 19 h / 100 °C View Scheme