aluminium trichloride in chlorobenzene T=125°C; 3 h;

1: pyridine / benzene / 12 h 2: 97 percent / AlCl3 / chlorobenzene / 3 h / 125 °C View Scheme

1: 83 percent / HNO3, AcOH / 1.5 h / Heating 2: SnCl2*2H2O, conc. aq. HCl / methanol / a) 60 deg C, 2.5 h, b) 90 deg C, 2.5 h 3: 1.) 12 N aq. HCl, NaNO2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 2.) 80 deg C, 1 h View Scheme

tetrabutylammomium bromide; phosphorus pentoxide in xylene T=220°C; 0.277778 h; microwave irradiation;