1: aniline With tetrafluoroboric acid; sodium nitrite in water T=0°C; 1 h; 2: isocyano-acetic acid ethyl ester With sodium acetate in ethanol; water T=20°C; Cooling with ice; 3: With water; sodium hydroxide in methanol 48 h; Reagent/catalystTimeTemperature;

1: aniline With tetrafluoroboric acid; sodium nitrite in water T=0°C; 1 h; 2: ethyl 2-isocyanoacetate With sodium acetate in ethanol T=20°C; 1.5 h; Cooling with acetone-dry ice; 3: With water; sodium hydroxide in methanol-d1 Reagent/catalystTemperatureTime;

pyridine; copper diacetate in dichloromethane T=20°C; 72 h;

1: toluene / 2 h / |Reflux 2: sodium hydroxide; water / ethanol / 2 h / |Reflux View Scheme

water; sodium hydroxide in ethanol 2 h; Reflux;

1.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / methanol; water / 0.25 h / 0 °C 1.2: 12 h / 0 - 20 °C / pH 5 2.1: toluene / 2 h / |Reflux 3.1: sodium hydroxide; water / ethanol / 2 h / |Reflux View Scheme

potassium permanganate