1: 63 percent / K2CO3, Cu / 10 h / Heating 2: 1.) morpholine, sulfur, 2.) glacial acetic acid, conc. aq. HCl / 1.) reflux, 12 h, 2.) reflux, 8 h View Scheme

in ethanol 4 h; Heating; Yield given;

1.1: potassium carbonate / copper / 10 h / 130 °C 2.1: morpholine; sulfur / 12 h / 110 °C 2.2: 8 h / Reflux 3.1: sulfuric acid / 2 h / 50 °C 4.1: sodium t-butanolate / tert-butyl methyl ether / 2 h / 5 - 20 °C 5.1: (S)-pyrophosphoric acid / water / 2 h / 0 - 60 °C 6.1: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene / 20 - 35 °C 7.1: hydrogen / Ni-Raney / tetrahydrofuran / 48 h / 20 °C / 2585.81 - 3102.97 Torr 8.1: ethyl acetate / 96 h / 25 °C 9.1: lithium aluminium tetrahydride; AlCl3, aluminium chloride / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C 9.2: 0.33 h / 2 °C View Scheme

sodium tetrahydroborate in methanol T=0°C; 3 h;

methanol T=100°C;

1: aluminium isopropylate; isopropyl alcohol 2: Al2O3 / 300 - 400 °C / <760 View Scheme

1: Cu, K2CO3 / 140 - 150 °C 2: S / 140 °C 3: KOH / ethanol / Heating View Scheme

copper; potassium carbonate 10 h; Heating;

potassium hydroxide; sodium hydroxide in ethanol

copper; phenol T=120 - 125°C; 24 h;