potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=20°C; 6 h;

1: 62 percent / potassium carbonate, copper-bronze powder / various solvent(s) / 3 h / 180 °C 2: 58 percent / NaOH / aq. ethanol / 18 h / Heating View Scheme

1: ammonium hydroxide / acetone / 2.5 h / 20 °C 2: di-tert-butyl(2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine; potassium carbonate; tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) / tetrahydrofuran / 13 h / 80 °C / |Microwave irradiation 3: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 6 h / 20 °C View Scheme

sodium hydroxide; 1,2,2-trichloro-1,1,2-trichloro-ethane; tetrabutylammomium bromide in water; toluene T=20°C;

1: 55 percent / tBuOK 2: 52 percent / Irradiation View Scheme