hydrogenchloride; formic acid in water T=125°C; 24 h;

potassium hydroxide in methanol Ambient temperature;

1: 51 percent / K2CO3 / benzyltriethylammonium chloride (TEBA) / acetonitrile / 432 h / Ambient temperature 2: 90 percent / 20percent aq. KOH / methanol / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: SOCl2 / a) below 30 deg C, b) reflux, 1 h 2: 1) Br2 / 1) reflux, 12 h, 2) room temp., overnight 3: 51 percent / K2CO3 / benzyltriethylammonium chloride (TEBA) / acetonitrile / 432 h / Ambient temperature 4: 90 percent / 20percent aq. KOH / methanol / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 1) Br2 / 1) reflux, 12 h, 2) room temp., overnight 2: 51 percent / K2CO3 / benzyltriethylammonium chloride (TEBA) / acetonitrile / 432 h / Ambient temperature 3: 90 percent / 20percent aq. KOH / methanol / Ambient temperature View Scheme

hydrogenchloride 1.) H2O, pyridine, 60 deg C, 1 h, 2.) glacial AcOH, reflux, 0.5 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;