1: 86.2 percent / 50percent NaH / dimethylformamide; benzene / 1.) room temp., 15 min; 2.) room temp., 10 h 2: 77.6 percent / TiCl3 / tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / Ambient temperature 3: NaNO2/2 N HCl 4: CuCl/concd. HCl / 1.) room temp., 0.5 h; 2.) 95 deg C, 5 min 5: 78.1 percent / 40percent aq. NaOH / methanol / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 55.9 percent / H2O; dimethylformamide / 1.5 h / Heating 2: 86.2 percent / 50percent NaH / dimethylformamide; benzene / 1.) room temp., 15 min; 2.) room temp., 10 h 3: 77.6 percent / TiCl3 / tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / Ambient temperature 4: NaNO2/2 N HCl 5: CuCl/concd. HCl / 1.) room temp., 0.5 h; 2.) 95 deg C, 5 min 6: 78.1 percent / 40percent aq. NaOH / methanol / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: NaNO2/2 N HCl 2: CuCl/concd. HCl / 1.) room temp., 0.5 h; 2.) 95 deg C, 5 min 3: 78.1 percent / 40percent aq. NaOH / methanol / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 77.6 percent / TiCl3 / tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / Ambient temperature 2: NaNO2/2 N HCl 3: CuCl/concd. HCl / 1.) room temp., 0.5 h; 2.) 95 deg C, 5 min 4: 78.1 percent / 40percent aq. NaOH / methanol / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: Zn, HOAc / 100 °C 2: NaOH View Scheme

4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide in dichloromethane Esterification; 2 h;

4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide in dichloromethane Esterification; 4 h;

horseradish peroxidase in ethanol; water T=37°C; 2 h; Kinetics;