copper(l) iodide; caesium carbonate; DL-proline in toluene T=110°C; 24 h;

1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocenenickel(II) chloride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; zinc in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=100°C; 36 h; Inert atmosphere;

4-toluenediazonium tetrafluoroborate in methanol T=20°C; 0.25 h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;

1: pyridine / dichloromethane / Inert atmosphere 2: 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocenenickel(II) chloride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; zinc / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 36 h / 100 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

in methanol T=20°C; 0.25 h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;

niobium bromide T=160°C; 0.75 h;