1.1: water; zinc–copper couple; hydrogenchloride / methanol / 18 h / 25 °C 2.1: sodium carbonate; magnesium sulfate / ethanol; water / 23 h / 25 °C 3.1: toluene / 5 h / |Reflux 4.1: zinc; acetic acid / diethyl ether / 72 h / 0 - 25 °C 4.2: pH 7.2 5.1: sodium hydride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil / 0.5 h / 0 °C / |Inert atmosphere 5.2: 4 h / 0 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 6.1: hydrogenchloride / water / 7 h / 20 °C 7.1: hydrogen; palladium 10 on activated carbon / methanol / 16 h / 7500.75 Torr 8.1: triethylamine / 48 h / 75 °C 9.1: water; acetic acid; sodium nitrite / 20 h / 25 °C 10.1: O-(6-chloro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.25 h / 25 °C / |Inert atmosphere 10.2: 16 h / 25 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1.1: hydrogenchloride / 22 h / 25 °C 2.1: 1H-imidazole; triphenylphosphine; iodine / toluene / 2 h / 70 °C 3.1: zinc; water; hydrogenchloride / ethanol / 19 h / 10 - 24 °C 4.1: sodium carbonate; magnesium sulfate / ethanol; water / 23 h / 25 °C 5.1: toluene / 5 h / |Reflux 6.1: zinc; acetic acid / diethyl ether / 72 h / 0 - 25 °C 6.2: pH 7.2 7.1: sodium hydride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil / 0.5 h / 0 °C / |Inert atmosphere 7.2: 4 h / 0 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 8.1: hydrogenchloride / water / 7 h / 20 °C 9.1: hydrogen; palladium 10 on activated carbon / methanol / 16 h / 7500.75 Torr 10.1: triethylamine / 48 h / 75 °C 11.1: water; acetic acid; sodium nitrite / 20 h / 25 °C 12.1: O-(6-chloro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.25 h / 25 °C / |Inert atmosphere 12.2: 16 h / 25 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: hydrogenchloride; water / 20 - 70 °C 2: acetic acid / methanol / 0 - 30 °C 3: isopentyl nitrite / acetonitrile / 30 - 60 °C 4: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / acetonitrile / 25 - 35 °C 5: lithium borohydride / tetrahydrofuran / -10 - 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 20 °C 2.1: sodium carbonate; Thiourea sulfone / methanol; water / 1 h / 60 °C 3.1: acetic acid; sodium nitrite / 1 h / 20 °C 4.1: sodium hydride / tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil / 0.25 h / -10 °C 4.2: 16 h / -10 °C 5.1: lithium borohydride / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / 20 °C 6.1: dimethyl sulfoxide / 16 h / 60 °C 7.1: phosphoric acid / methanol / 24 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: sodium carbonate; Thiourea sulfone / methanol; water / 1 h / 60 °C 2.1: acetic acid; sodium nitrite / 1 h / 20 °C 3.1: sodium hydride / tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil / 0.25 h / -10 °C 3.2: 16 h / -10 °C 4.1: lithium borohydride / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / 20 °C 5.1: dimethyl sulfoxide / 16 h / 60 °C 6.1: phosphoric acid / methanol / 24 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: acetic acid; sodium nitrite / 1 h / 20 °C 2.1: sodium hydride / tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil / 0.25 h / -10 °C 2.2: 16 h / -10 °C 3.1: lithium borohydride / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / 20 °C 4.1: dimethyl sulfoxide / 16 h / 60 °C 5.1: phosphoric acid / methanol / 24 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: sodium hydride / tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil / 0.25 h / -10 °C 1.2: 16 h / -10 °C 2.1: lithium borohydride / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / 20 °C 3.1: dimethyl sulfoxide / 16 h / 60 °C 4.1: phosphoric acid / methanol / 24 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine; diphenyl phosphoryl azide / toluene / 1 h / Reflux 1.2: 16 h / Reflux 2.1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / dichloromethane / 16 h / 20 °C 3.1: hydrogenchloride / water; methanol / 3 h / 20 °C 3.2: pH 8 - 9 View Scheme

1: isopentyl nitrite / acetonitrile / 50 - 70 °C 2: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / dichloromethane / 25 - 35 °C 3: lithium borohydride / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 30 °C 4: hydrogenchloride; water / methanol / 25 - 30 °C View Scheme

1: triethylamine / ethanol / 40 - 80 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: hydrogenchloride; water / methanol / 35 °C 3: sodium nitrite / water; methanol / 0 - 5 °C 4: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / acetonitrile / 25 - 35 °C View Scheme