potassium phosphate; Ni(PPh3)4 in toluene T=60°C; 16 h;

1: n-butyllithium; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine in tetrahydrofuran; hexane T=-78 - 0°C; 0.25 h; Inert atmosphere; 2: phenylacetic acid, ethyl ester in tetrahydrofuran; hexane T=0°C; 1 h; Inert atmosphere; 3: 1-bromo-butane in tetrahydrofuran; hexane T=0 - 20°C; 4 h; Inert atmosphere;

(i) potassium graphite, THF, (ii) /BRN= 1098260/; Multistep reaction;

aluminum oxide 1.) hexane, RT, 3 h, 2.) hexane, RT, 3 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given;

(i) Li, THF, (ii) /BRN= 3600910/; Multistep reaction;

in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether T=25°C; The rate constants for the free carbanions and the ion pairs were calculated; Rate constant;

1: ethyl α-phenylhexanoate With lithium diisopropyl amide in tetrahydrofuran T=45°C; 1 h; Inert atmosphereCooling with ice; 2: 1-bromo-butane T=0 - 20°C;