1: toluene 2: water / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: potassium carbonate; water / 0.5 h / 20 °C 2: water / 3 h / |Reflux 3: hydrogen; C63H78IrNOP(2+)*C32H12BF24(1-) / methanol / 12 h / 60 °C / 4560.31 Torr / |Autoclave View Scheme

1: potassium carbonate; water / 0.5 h / 20 °C 2: 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 0.67 h / 0 °C / |Reflux 3: methanol / 2 h / |Reflux 4: hydrogen bromide / water / 2 h / |Reflux 5: sodium hydroxide / tert-butyl alcohol / 2 h / 45 - 50 °C 6: C56H72IrNOP(1+)*C32H12BF24(1-); caesium carbonate; hydrogen / methanol / 12 h / 60 °C / 4560.31 Torr / |Autoclave View Scheme

1: sodium carbonate / water / pH 13 - 14 2: 1,2-dichloro-ethane; 1-chloroethyl chlorocarbonate / dichloromethane / 6.25 h / 0 - 100 °C / pH 13 - 14 3: triethylamine / methanol / 20 °C 4: lithium diisopropyl amide / tetrahydrofuran / 0.05 h / -78 °C View Scheme

1: sodium carbonate / water / pH 13 - 14 2: 1,2-dichloro-ethane; 1-chloroethyl chlorocarbonate / dichloromethane / 6.25 h / 0 - 100 °C / pH 13 - 14 3: sodium hydrogencarbonate / ethanol / 5.08 h / 0 - 110 °C View Scheme

in diethyl ether

1: With potassium carbonate in water 0.5 h; 2: With 1-chloroethyl chlorocarbonate in toluene 16 h; Heating; 3: With methanol 2 h; Heating; Further stages.;

1: sodium carbonate / water / pH 13 - 14 2: 1,2-dichloro-ethane; 1-chloroethyl chlorocarbonate / dichloromethane / 6.25 h / 0 - 100 °C / pH 13 - 14 View Scheme

potassium carbonate in dichloromethane; water T=20°C; 0.5 h;