1.1: naphthalenyllithium; N,N,N',N',N'',N''-hexamethylphosphoric triamide / tetrahydrofuran / 1.5 h / -78 - 20 °C 2.1: lithium hexamethyldisilazane / tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / -78 °C 3.1: tetrahydrofuran / 3 h / -78 - -15 °C 4.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0.5 h / 0 °C 5.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 0 °C 6.1: [RhCl(CO)2]2; carbon monoxide / para-xylene / 12 h / 140 °C 7.1: tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / -78 - 0 °C 8.1: osmium(VIII) oxide; pyridine / 12 h / 20 °C 8.2: 12 h / 20 °C 9.1: 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / dichloromethane / 8 h / 20 °C 10.1: boron trifluoride diethyl etherate / dichloromethane / 0.5 h / -78 - -40 °C 11.1: selenium(IV) oxide / 1,4-dioxane / 14 h / 80 °C 12.1: pyridine; 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / 1,4-dioxane / 1 h / 20 °C 13.1: hydrogen fluoride / acetonitrile / 10 h / 50 °C 14.1: Martin's sulfurane / chloroform / 3 h / 80 °C 15.1: sodium hydroxide; water / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h 16.1: selenium(IV) oxide; formic acid / 1,4-dioxane / 1.25 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1.1: tetrahydrofuran / 3 h / -78 - -15 °C 2.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 0 °C 4.1: [RhCl(CO)2]2; carbon monoxide / para-xylene / 12 h / 140 °C 5.1: tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / -78 - 0 °C 6.1: osmium(VIII) oxide; pyridine / 12 h / 20 °C 6.2: 12 h / 20 °C 7.1: 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / dichloromethane / 8 h / 20 °C 8.1: boron trifluoride diethyl etherate / dichloromethane / 0.5 h / -78 - -40 °C 9.1: selenium(IV) oxide / 1,4-dioxane / 14 h / 80 °C 10.1: pyridine; 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / 1,4-dioxane / 1 h / 20 °C 11.1: hydrogen fluoride / acetonitrile / 10 h / 50 °C 12.1: Martin's sulfurane / chloroform / 3 h / 80 °C 13.1: sodium hydroxide; water / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h 14.1: selenium(IV) oxide; formic acid / 1,4-dioxane / 1.25 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1.1: lithium hexamethyldisilazane / tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / -78 °C 2.1: tetrahydrofuran / 3 h / -78 - -15 °C 3.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0.5 h / 0 °C 4.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 0 °C 5.1: [RhCl(CO)2]2; carbon monoxide / para-xylene / 12 h / 140 °C 6.1: tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / -78 - 0 °C 7.1: osmium(VIII) oxide; pyridine / 12 h / 20 °C 7.2: 12 h / 20 °C 8.1: 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / dichloromethane / 8 h / 20 °C 9.1: boron trifluoride diethyl etherate / dichloromethane / 0.5 h / -78 - -40 °C 10.1: selenium(IV) oxide / 1,4-dioxane / 14 h / 80 °C 11.1: pyridine; 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / 1,4-dioxane / 1 h / 20 °C 12.1: hydrogen fluoride / acetonitrile / 10 h / 50 °C 13.1: Martin's sulfurane / chloroform / 3 h / 80 °C 14.1: sodium hydroxide; water / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h 15.1: selenium(IV) oxide; formic acid / 1,4-dioxane / 1.25 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / 1.5 h / 20 °C 2: sodium hydrogencarbonate / toluene / 22 h / 100 °C 3: hydrogenchloride; water; methanol / 1 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / 1.5 h / 20 °C 2: sodium hydrogencarbonate / toluene / 22 h / 100 °C 3: water; methanesulfonic acid / tetrahydrofuran / 72 h / 20 °C View Scheme