sodium hydroxide; n-butyllithium; sodium sulfite in tetrahydrofuran; water

1: 70 percent / t-BuONa; (+)-BINAP / Pd(dba)2 / toluene / 110 °C 2: 82 percent / toluene / 80 - 90 °C 3: 80 percent / AlCl3 / 3 h / 170 °C 4: 90 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol; H2O / Heating View Scheme

(R)-(+)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl; sodium t-butanolate; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0) in toluene T=110°C; Buchwald-Hartwig coupling;

hydrogenchloride; sodium chloride; tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) in water; toluene